![]() They can also enable cell signaling ( vitamin A) and gene transcription ( vitamins A and E) or function as hormones (e.g., vitamin D). They can be coenzymes in various reactions ( B vitamins, vitamins A and K) and/or antioxidants that protect the cell and its membrane from free radicals ( vitamins C and E). Vitamins are micronutrients that do not provide energy (like macronutrients) but instead have very specific biochemical roles. Apart from a few exceptions (e.g., vitamin D), the human body cannot synthesize vitamins on its own in sufficient amounts and must, therefore, ensure a steady supply through the diet. Vitamins are a group of chemically diverse organic compounds that an organism requires for normal metabolism. ![]()
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